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Wetenschappelijke publicaties

Wetenschappelijk onderzoek toont aan dat psychoanalytische psychotherapie een effectieve behandelvorm is.   Zie hiervoor ook op de website Psychodynamic Research.

Zoals bij alle vormen van psychotherapie ligt wellicht een complex samenspel van factoren aan de basis van de effecten van psychoanalytische therapie. Hierbij spelen naast niet-specifieke factoren, zoals het geven van hoop en steun, ook specifieke technieken en interventies een belangrijke rol. Daarnaast bepalen zowel patiënt- als therapeutfactoren het effect van psychoanalytische therapie, zoals bijvoorbeeld de motivatie van de patiënt en de competentie van de therapeut.

 Er worden drie grote vormen van psychodynamische psychotherapie onderscheiden

  • Kortdurende psychodynamische psychotherapie (< 35-40 sessies)
  • Langerdurende psychodynamische psychotherapie, (> 40-50 sessies)
  • De klassieke psychoanalyse (een intensieve langerdurende variant van psychoanalytische therapie)

 Een systematisch overzicht van de effectiviteit van psychoanalytische psychotherapie

1. Algemene Overzichten

a) Kortdurende psychoanalytische therapie

b) Langerdurende psychoanalytische therapie

c) Psychoanalyse

2. De effectiviteit van psychoanalytische therapie bij specifieke aandoeningen

2.1 Depressie

2.2 Angststoornissen

2.3 Somatische en functioneel somatische aandoeningen

2.4 Eetstoornissen

2.5 Middelenmisbruik

  • Crits-Christoph, P., Siqueland, L., Blaine, J., Frank, A., Luborsky, L., Onken, L. S., Muenz, L. R., Thase, M. E., Weiss, R. D., Gastfriend, D. R., Woody, G. E., Barber, J. P., Butler, S. F., Daley, D., Salloum, I., Bishop, S., Najavits, L. M., Lis, J., Mercer, D., Griffin, M. L., Moras, K., & Beck, A. T. (1999). Psychosocial treatments for cocaine dependence: National Institute on Drug Abuse Collaborative Cocaine Treatment Study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 493-502.
  • Crits-Christoph, P., Siqueland, L., McCalmont, E., Weiss, R. D., Gastfriend, D. R., Frank, A., Moras, K., Barber, J. P., Blaine, J., & Thase, M. E. (2001). Impact of psychosocial treatments on associated problems of cocaine-dependent patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 825-830.
  • Sandahl, C., Herlitz, K., Ahlin, G., & Rönnberg, S. (1998). Time-limited group psychotherapy for moderately alcohol dependent patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychotherapy Research, 8, 361-378.
  • Woody, G. E., Luborsky, L., McLellan, A. T., & O'Brien, C. P. (1990). Corrections and revised analyses for psychotherapy in methadone maintenance patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 788-789.
  • Woody, G. E., Luborsky, L., McLellan, A. T., & O'Brien, C. P. (1995). Psychotherapy in community methadone programs: a validation study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1302-1308.
  • Woody, G. E., Luborsky, L., McLellan, A. T., O'Brien, C. P., Beck, A. T., Blaine, J., Herman, I., & Hole, A. (1983). Psychotherapy for opiate addicts: Does it help? Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 639-645.

2.6 Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen

3. Kinderen en adolescenten

Complex trauma

  • Vliegen, N., Tang, E., Midgley, N., Luyten, P. & Fonagy, P. (2024). Psychotherapie bij complex trauma. Werken met kind, ouders en context. Kalmthout: Pelckmans.
  • Vliegen, N. (2025). Geraakt door levensverhalen van kinderen met complex trauma. Een inkijk in het werk van kinderpsychotherapeuten. Pelckmans.
  • Vliegen, N. & Malberg, N. (2025). Drawing the picture: Assessment as scaffolding treatment in the context of complex trauma. In: N. Muller, E. Morris & N. Midgley (Eds.) Mentalization-Based Treatment for Trauma: A Casebook for Working with Children and Their Families. London: Routledge.
  • Vliegen, N., Midgley, N., Tang, E., Luyten, P. & Fonagy, P. (2025). A threetrack, psychodynamic treatment approach for children who have experienced complex trauma. Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 1-20.
  • Tang, E., Taillefer, M.E. & Vliegen, N. (2026). Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy for children with complex trauma: Preliminary findings of a feasibility and pilot training. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy.
  • Vliegen, N., Midgley, N., Tang, E., Luyten, P. & Fonagy, P. (2026). Play and playfulness at the heart of growth and recovery. A three-track treatment approach for children who have experienced complex trauma. In: F. Guénole, L. Ouss & M. Botbol (Eds.) Psychodynamic Treatments in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Guide. Springer Verlag.

 

Pleegzorg

  • Wulleman, L., Grietens, H., Noens, I. & Vliegen, N. (2023). (Re)defining family: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of foster children’s views of family in non-kinship foster care. Children and Youth Services Review.
  • Wulleman, L., Grietens, H., Noens, I. & Vliegen, N. (2023). Fostering a sense of belonging: The role of family terminology and discourse for individuals involved in non-kinship foster care. Journal of Public Child Welfare.
  • Wulleman, L., Grietens, H., Noens, I., & Vliegen, N. (2024). Be(com)ing family: A systematic review of stakeholders’ perspectives on family in family foster care. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4778196
  • Wulleman, L., Grietens, H., Noens, I., Vliegen, N. (2025). Roots and routes: navigating family identities and relationships in non-kinship care. Children and Youth Services Review, 172, Art.No. ARTN 108290. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108290 Open Access

 

Onderzoek over mentaliseren

  • Malcorps, S., Vliegen, N. & Luyten, P. (2023). Childhood adversity and adolescent acting-out behaviors: The mediating role of mentalizing difficulties and epistemic vigilance. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 
  • Malcorps S, Vliegen N, Fonagy P, Luyten P. A four-year multi-wave prospective study on the role of parental reflective functioning and parenting stress in the development of socio-emotional problems in internationally adopted children. Development and Psychopathology. 2024;36(1):266-279. doi:10.1017/S0954579422001171
  • Malcorps S, Vliegen N, Rutherford HJV, Luyten P. Mentalizing under maternal stress: Using a baby simulator to investigate the impact of child-focused distress on maternal mentalizing and arousal. Development and Psychopathology. Published online 2025:1-13. doi:10.1017/S0954579425100424
  • Malcorps, S., Vliegen, N., & Luyten, P. (2025). Mentalizing in adolescence: Developmental trends and associations with borderline personality disorder features. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 16(3), 272–285. 
  • Fiore, S., Mabbe, E., Luyten, P. et al. The Role of Parental Reflective Functioning in Associations between Daily Autonomy-Relevant Parenting, Parenting Stress, and Early and Middle Adolescents’ Dayto- Day Difficulties. J. Youth Adolescence 54, 1140–1162 (2025).
  • Fiore S, Luyten P, Vliegen N, Flamant N, Malcorps S, Soenens B. Daytoday fluctuations in parental reflective functioning: The role of parenting stress and perceived adolescent difficulties. Development and Psychopathology. Published online 2025:1-13. doi:10.1017/S0954579425100849
  • Fiore, S., Luyten, P., Vliegen, N. and Soenens, B. (2025), Understanding Parenting Stress in Adoptive Parents: A Longitudinal Multilevel Study of Parents' Self-Criticism, Child Negative Emotionality, and Child Age at Placement. J Pers, 93: 1081-1096. 
  • Fiore, S., Vliegen, N., Soenens, B. & Luyten, P. (2025). The moderating role of pre-adoptive reflective functioning in the association between early adversity and child difficulties after transnational adoption: a 4- year follow-up study. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 
  • Fiore, S., Luyten, P., Soenens, B., Malcorps, S., Ensink, K., & Vliegen, N. (2026). The Intergenerational Transmission of Reflective Functioning in Adoptive Families: A Prospective Study from Pre-Adoption to Early Adolescence. Infant Mental Health Journal.

 

Infant Mental Health

  • Nijssens, L., Luyten, P., Malcorps, S. et al. Knowing Your Child’s Mind and Its Relationship with Theory of Mind Acquisition. J Child Fam Stud 33, 1682–1693 (2024). 
  • Sampaio de Carvalho, F., Vliegen, N., Reiss, I., & van Dijk, M. (2023). Supporting early parenthood of hospitalised women with severe pregnancy problems and their partners: rationale, principles and exploration of a psychotherapeutic programme. Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 49(2), 209–229. 080/0075417X.2023.2206885
  • Sampaio de Carvalho, F., van Dijk, M., Reiss, I., & Vliegen, N. (2023). Parenthood after severely endangered pregnancy and delivery of a prematurely born child: An interview study with fathers and mothers. Cogent Psychology, 10(1). 
  • Vliegen, N. (2024). De eerste duizend dagen: Belang versus kwetsbaarheid van sensibiliseren voor vroege invloeden op jonge kinderen. Systeemtheoretisch Bulletin. 42 (1), 97-111.  

4. Kosteneffectiviteit

Abbass, A., Driessen, E., & Town, J. (2011). Cost-effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Berghout, C. C., Zevalkink, J., & Hakkaart-Van Roijen, L. (2010). The Effects of Long-Term Psychoanalytic Treatment on Healthcare Utilization and Work Impairment and Their Associated Costs. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 16(4), 209-216.

Berghout, C. C., Zevalkink, J., & Hakkaart-van Roijen, L. (2010). A cost-utility analysis of psychoanalysis versus psychoanalytic psychotherapy. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 26(1), 3-10.

de Maat, S., Philipszoon, F., Schoevers, R., Dekker, J., & De Jonghe, F. (2007). Costs and Benefits of Long-Term Psychoanalytic Therapy: Changes in Health Care Use and Work Impairment. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 15(6), 289-300.

5. Hoe werkt psychanalytische psychotherapie

Beutel, M. E., Stark, R., Pan, H., Silbersweig, D., & Dietrich, S. (2010). Changes of brain activation pre- post short-term psychodynamic inpatient psychotherapy: An fMRI study of panic disorder patients. Psychiatry Research, 184(2), 96-104.

Blagys, M., & Hilsenroth, M. (2000). Distinctive features of short-term psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy: A review of the comparative psychotherapy process-literature. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7, 167-188. 

de Greck, M., Scheidt, L., Bälter, A. F., Frommer, J., Ulrich, C., Stockum, E., et al. (2011). Multimodal psychodynamic psychotherapy induces normalization of reward related activity in somatoform disorder. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 12(4), 296-308.

Diener, M. J., Hilsenroth, M., & Weinberger, J. (2007). Therapist affect focus and patient outcomes in psychodynamic psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 936-941.

Hilsenroth, M., Ackerman, S. J., Blagys, M. D., Baity, M. R., & Mooney, M. A. (2003). Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression: An examination of statistical, clinically significant, and technique-specific change. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 191(6), 349-357.

Hoglend, P., Amlo, S., Marble, A., Bogwald, K. P., Sorbye, O., Sjaastad, M. C., et al. (2006). Analysis of the patient-therapist relationship in dynamic psychotherapy: An experimental study of transference interpretations. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(10), 1739-1746.

Hoglend, P., Bogwald, K.-P., Amlo, S., Marble, A., Ulberg, R., Sjaastad, M. C., et al. (2008). Transference Interpretations in Dynamic Psychotherapy: Do They Really Yield Sustained Effects? American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(6), 763-771.

Johansson, P., Hoglend, P., Ulberg, R., Bogwald, K. P., Amlo, S., Marble, A., et al. (2010). The mediating role of insight for long-term improvements in psychodynamic therapy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 78(3), 438-448.

Kennedy, E., & Midgley, N. (2007). Process and outcome research in child, adolescent and parent-infant psychotherapy: A thematic review. London: North Central London Strategic Health Authority.

Leichsenring, F., & Leibing, E. (2007). Psychodynamic psychotherapy: A systematic review of techniques, indications and empirical evidence. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 80(2), 217-228.

Levy, R. A., & Ablon, S. A. (2009). Handbook of evidence based psychodynamic psychotherapy. Bridging the gap between science and practice. New York: Humana Press/Springer.

Lewis, A. J., Dennerstein, M., & Gibbs, P. M. (2008). Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: review of recent process and outcome studies. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42, 445-455.

Luyten, P., Blatt, S. J., & Mayes, L. C. (in press). Process and outcome in psychoanalytic psychotherapy research: The need for a (relatively) new paradigm. In R. A. Levy, J. S. Ablon & H. Kächele (Eds.), Handbook of Evidence-Based Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. Bridging the Gap Between Science and Practice (2nd ed.). New York: Humana Press/Springer.

Shedler, J. (2010). The efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 65(2), 98-109.

6. Overzicht van in handleidingen omschreven (“manualized”) psychoanalytische behandelingen

Bateman, A. W., & Fonagy, P. (2006). Mentalization Based Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Practical Guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Clarkin, J. F., Yeomans, F. E., & Kernberg, O. F. (2006). Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality. Focusing on Object Relations (2nd ed.). Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Davanloo, H. (Ed.). (1980). Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy. New York: Jason Aronson.

Leichsenring F, Beutel M, Leibing E. Psychodynamic psychotherapy for social phobia: A treatment manual based on SE therapy. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic; 2007;71:(1):56-83

Leichsenring F, Winkelbach C, Leibing E. Psychoanalytisch orientierte Fokaltherapie der Generalisierten Angststörung - ein Manual [Psychoanalytic oriented focal therapy of generalized anxiety disorder]. Psychotherapeut; 2005;50:258–264

Lemma, A., Target, M., & Fonagy, P. (2011). Brief dynamic interpersonal therapy. A clinician's guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Luborsky, L. (1984). Principles of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: A Manual for Supportive-Expressive (SE) Treatment. New York: Basic Books.

Mann, J. (1973). Time-limited psychotherapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Marziali, E. and Munroe-Blum, H. (1994) Interpersonal Group Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Basic Books

McCullough L, Kuhn N, Andrews S, Kaplan A, Wolf J, Hurley C. Treating Affect Phobia: A Manual for Short Term Dynamic Psychotherapy. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2003.

Midgley et al. (2009). Short term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for adolescents with moderate or severe depression. A treatment manual. Unpublished manuscript.

Milrod BL, Busch FN, Cooper AM, Shapiro T. Manual of panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy. Washington: American Psychiatric Press; 1997.

Piper WE, Joyce AS, McCallum M, Azim HF, Ogrodniczuk JS. Interpretive and Supportive Psychotherapies: Matching Therapy and Patient Personality. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2002.

Gregory RJ, Remen AL. A manual-based psychodynamic therapy for treatment-resistant borderline personality disorder. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training; 2008;45:15-27

Rockland, LH. Supportive Psychotherapy for Borderline Patients: a Psychodynamic Approac. New York: Guilford; 1992

Sifneos, P. E. (1992). Short-term anxiety-provoking psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.

Strupp, H. H., & Binder, J. L. (1984). Psychotherapy in a new key: A guide to time-limited dynamic psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.

Tasca, G., Mikail, S., & Hewitt, P. (2002). Group psychodynamic interpersonal psychotherapy: A manual for time limited treatment of Binge Eating Disorder. Unpublished manuscript.

Trowell, J., Joffe, I., Campbell, J., Clemente, C., Almqvist, F., Soininen, M., et al. (2007). Childhood depression: A place for psychotherapy. An outcome study comparing individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and family therapy. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 16(3), 157-167.

7. Overzicht van competenties voor psychoanalytische therapie

Lemma, A., Roth, A. D., & Pilling, S. (2009). The competencies required to deliver effective psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapy. London: University College London, UK.

Zie: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/clinical-psychology/CORE/psychodynamic_framework.htm